Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a member of the poxvirus family. It is characterized by the development of small, raised bumps or lesions on the skin. Molluscum contagiosum is common in children but can also affect adults, particularly those with weakened immune systems. The infection is highly contagious and spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact or contact with contaminated objects, such as towels, clothing, or toys.
Symptoms: The primary symptom of molluscum contagiosum is the appearance of small, flesh-colored or pearly bumps on the skin. These bumps are usually painless but may become itchy, red, or inflamed. The lesions typically range in size from 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter but can grow larger over time. Molluscum contagiosum lesions may appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, neck, armpits, arms, hands, and genital area.
Diagnosis: Molluscum contagiosum is typically diagnosed based on the characteristic appearance of the lesions. In some cases, a healthcare provider may perform a skin biopsy or scrape a lesion for microscopic examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment: Treatment for molluscum contagiosum is not always necessary, as the infection often resolves on its own without intervention. However, treatment may be recommended in certain cases, particularly if the lesions are bothersome, persistent, or located in sensitive areas. Treatment options may include:
- Topical Treatments: Topical medications, such as imiquimod cream, retinoid creams, or podophyllotoxin, may be applied directly to the lesions to help stimulate the immune system and promote clearance of the virus.
- Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves freezing the lesions with liquid nitrogen to destroy the affected tissue. This procedure is typically performed in a healthcare provider’s office.
- Curettage: Curettage involves scraping or scooping the lesions off the skin with a sharp instrument, such as a curette. This procedure is often performed in conjunction with cryotherapy.
- Cantharidin: Cantharidin is a topical agent derived from the blister beetle that is applied to the lesions to cause blistering and detachment of the affected tissue.
- Home Remedies: Some people may try home remedies, such as apple cider vinegar, tea tree oil, or iodine solutions, to treat molluscum contagiosum lesions. However, the efficacy of these remedies is not well-established, and they may cause skin irritation or other adverse effects.
Prevention: To prevent the spread of molluscum contagiosum, it is important to practice good hygiene and avoid direct skin-to-skin contact with infected individuals. Other preventive measures include:
- Avoiding sharing personal items, such as towels, clothing, or razors, with infected individuals
- Covering lesions with clothing or bandages to prevent direct contact
- Washing hands frequently with soap and water, especially after touching or treating lesions
